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內(nèi)向性格的力量TED英語演講稿
演講稿是為了在會(huì)議或重要活動(dòng)上表達(dá)自己意見、看法或匯報(bào)思想工作情況而事先準(zhǔn)備好的文稿。隨著社會(huì)一步步向前發(fā)展，我們都可能會(huì)用到演講稿，你知道演講稿怎樣才能寫的好嗎？以下是小編整理的內(nèi)向性格的力量TED英語演講稿，供大家參考借鑒，希望可以幫助到有需要的朋友。
When I was nine years old I went off to summer camp for the first time. And my mother packed me a suitcase full of books, which to me seemed like a perfectly natural thing to do. Because in my family, reading was the primary group activity. And this might sound antisocial to you, but for us it was really just a different way of being social. You have the animal warmth of your family sitting right next to you, but you are also free to go roaming around the adventureland inside your own mind. And i had this idea that camp was going to be just like this, but better. (laughter) I had a vision of 10 girls sitting in a cabin cozily reading books in their matching nightgowns.
(laughter)
Camp was more like a keg party without any alcohol. and on the very first day our counselor gathered us all together and she taught us a cheer that she said we would be doing every day for the rest of the summer to instill camp spirit. And it went like this: "r-o-w-d-i-e, thats the way we spell rowdie. rowdie, rowdie, lets get rowdie." yeah. So I couldnt figure out for the life of me why we were supposed to be so rowdy, or why we had to spell this word incorrectly. (laughter) But I recited a cheer.I recited a cheer along with everybody else.I did my best. And I just waited for the time that I could go off and read my books.
But the first time that I took my book out of my suitcase, the coolest girl in the bunk came up to me and she asked me, "why are you being so mellow?" -- mellow, of course, being the exact opposite of r-o-w-d-i-e. And then the second time I tried it, the counselor came up to me with a concerned expression on her face and she repeated the point about camp spirit and said we should all work very hard to be outgoing.
And so I put my books away, back in their suitcase, and i put them under my bed, and there they stayed for the rest of the summer. And I felt kind of guilty about this. I felt as if the books needed me somehow, and they were calling out to me and I was forsaking them. But I did forsake them and I didnt open that suitcase again until I was back home with my family at the end of the summer.
Now, I tell you this story about summer camp. I could have told you 50 others just like it -- all the times that I got the message that somehow my quiet and introverted style of being was not necessarily the right way to go, that I should be trying to pass as more of an extrovert. And I always sensed deep down that this was wrong and that introverts were pretty excellent just as they were. But for years I denied this intuition, and so I became a wall street lawyer, of all things, instead of the writer that i had always longed to be -- partly because I needed to prove to myself that I could be bold and assertive too. And I was always going off to crowded bars when I really would have preferred to just have a nice dinner with friends. And I made these self-negating choices so reflexively, that I wasnt even aware that I was making them.
Now this is what many introverts do, and its our loss for sure, but it is also our colleagues loss and our communities loss. And at the risk of sounding grandiose, it is the worlds loss. Because when it comes to creativity and to leadership, we need introverts doing what they do best. A third to a half of the population are introverts -- a third to a half. So thats one out of every two or three people you know. So even if youre an extrovert yourself, Im talking about your coworkers and your spouses and your children and the person sitting next to you right now -- all of them subject to this bias that is pretty deep and real in our society. We all internalize it from a very early age without even having a language for what were doing.
Now to see the bias clearly you need to understand what introversion is. Its different from being shy. Shyness is about fear of social judgment. Introversion is more about, how do you respond to stimulation, including social stimulation. So extroverts really crave large amounts of stimulation, whereas introverts feel at their most alive and their most switched-on and their most capable when theyre in quieter, more low-key environments. Not all the time -- these things arent absolute -- but a lot of the time. So the key then to maximizing our talents is for us all to put ourselves in the zone of stimulation that is right for us.
But now heres where the bias comes in. Our most important institutions, our schools and our workplaces, they are designed mostly for extroverts and for extroverts need for lots of stimulation. And also we have this belief system right now that i call the new groupthink, which holds that all creativity and all productivity comes from a very oddly gregarious place.
So if you picture the typical classroom nowadays: when I was going to school, we sat in rows. we sat in rows of desks like this, and we did most of our work pretty autonomously. But nowadays, your typical classroom has pods of desks -- four or five or six or seven kids all facing each other. And kids are working in countless group assignments. Even in subjects like math and creative writing, which you think would depend on solo flights of thought, kids are now expected to act as committee members. And for the kids who prefer to go off by themselves or just to work alone, those kids are seen as outliers often or, worse, as problem cases. And the vast majority of teachers reports believing that the ideal student is an extrovert as opposed to an introvert, even though introverts actually get better grades and are more knowledgeable, according to research. (laughter)
Okay, same thing is true in our workplaces. Now, most of us work in open plan offices, without walls, where we are subject to the constant noise and gaze of our coworkers. And when it comes to leadership, introverts are routinely passed over for leadership positions, even though introverts tend to be very careful, much less likely to take outsize risks -- which is something we might all favor nowadays. And interesting research by adam grant at the wharton school has found that introverted leaders often deliver better outcomes than extroverts do, because when they are managing proactive employees, theyre much more likely to let those employees run with their ideas, whereas an extrovert can, quite unwittingly, get so excited about things that theyre putting their own stamp on things, and other peoples ideas might not as easily then bubble up to the surface.
Now in fact, some of our transformative leaders in history have been introverts. Ill give you some examples. Eleanor roosevelt, rosa parks, gandhi -- all these peopled described themselves as quiet and soft-spoken and even shy. And they all took the spotlight, even though every bone in their bodies was telling them not to. and this turns out to have a special power all its own, because people could feel that these leaders were at the helm, not because they enjoyed directing others and not out of the pleasure of being looked at; they were there because they had no choice, because they were driven to do what they thought was right.
Now I think at this point its important for me to say that I actually love extroverts. I always like to say some of my best friends are extroverts, including my beloved husband. And we all fall at different points, of course, along the introvert/extrovert spectrum. Even carl jung, the psychologist who first popularized these terms, said that theres no such thing as a pure introvert or a pure extrovert. He said that such a man would be in a lunatic asylum, if he existed at all. And some people fall smack in the middle of the introvert/extrovert spectrum, and we call these people ambiverts. And I often think that they have the best of all worlds. But many of us do recognize ourselves as one type or the other.
And what Im saying is that culturally we need a much better balance. We need more of a yin and yang between these two types. This is especially important when it comes to creativity and to productivity, because when psychologists look at the lives of the most creative people, what they find are people who are very good at exchanging ideas and advancing ideas, but who also have a serious streak of introversion in them.
And this is because solitude is a crucial ingredient often to creativity. So darwin, he took long walks alone in the woods and emphatically turned down dinner party invitations. Theodor geisel, better known as dr. seuss, he dreamed up many of his amazing creations in a lonely bell tower office that he had in the back of his house in la jolla, california. And he was actually afraid to meet the young children who read his books for fear that they were expecting him this kind of jolly santa claus-like figure and would be disappointed with his more reserved persona. Steve wozniak invented the first apple computer sitting alone in his cubical in hewlett-packard where he was working at the time. And he says that he never would have become such an expert in the first place had he not been too introverted to leave the house when he was growing up.
Now of course, this does not mean that we should all stop collaborating -- and case in point, is steve wozniak famously coming together with steve jobs to start apple computer -- but it does mean that solitude matters and that for some people it is the air that they breathe. And in fact, we have known for centuries about the transcendent power of solitude. Its only recently that weve strangely begun to forget it. If you look at most of the worlds major religions, you will find seekers -- moses, jesus, buddha, muhammad -- seekers who are going off by themselves alone to the wilderness where they then have profound epiphanies and revelations that they then bring back to the rest of the community. So no wilderness, no revelations.
This is no surprise though if you look at the insights of contemporary psychology. It turns out that we cant even be in a group of people without instinctively mirroring, mimicking their opinions. Even about seemingly personal and visceral things like who youre attracted to, you will start aping the beliefs of the people around you without even realizing that thats what youre doing.
And groups famously follow the opinions of the most dominant or charismatic person in the room, even though theres zero correlation between being the best talker and having the best ideas -- I mean zero. so (laughter) you might be following the person with the best ideas, but you might not. And do you really want to leave it up to chance? Much better for everybody to go off by themselves, generate their own ideas freed from the distortions of group dynamics, and then come together as a team to talk them through in a well-managed environment and take it from there.
Now if all this is true, then why are we getting it so wrong? Why are we setting up our schools this way and our workplaces? And why are we making these introverts feel so guilty about wanting to just go off by themselves some of the time? One answer lies deep in our cultural history. Western societies, and in particular the u.s., have always favored the man of action over the man of contemplation and "man" of contemplation. But in americas early days, we lived in what historians call a culture of character, where we still, at that point, valued people for their inner selves and their moral rectitude. And if you look at the self-help books from this era, they all had titles with things like "character, the grandest thing in the world." And they featured role models like abraham lincoln who was praised for being modest and unassuming. Ralph waldo emerson called him "a man who does not offend by superiority."
But then we hit the 20th century and we entered a new culture that historians call the culture of personality. What happened is we had evolved an agricultural economy to a world of big business. And so suddenly people are moving from small towns to the cities. and instead of working alongside people theyve known all their lives, now they are having to prove themselves in a crowd of strangers.So, quite understandably, qualities like magnetism and charisma suddenly come to seem really important. And sure enough, the self-help books change to meet these new needs and they start to have names like "how to win friends and influence people." And they feature as their role models really great salesmen. So thats the world were living in today. Thats our cultural inheritance.
Now none of this is to say that social skills are unimportant, and im also not calling for the abolishing of teamwork at all. The same religions who send their sages off to lonely mountain tops also teach us love and trust. And the problems that we are facing today in fields like science and in economics are so vast and so complex that we are going to need armies of people coming together to solve them working together. But I am saying that the more freedom that we give introverts to be themselves, the more likely that they are to come up with their own unique solutions to these problems.
So now Id like to share with you whats in my suitcase today. Guess what? Books. I have a suitcase full of books. Heres margaret atwood, "cats eye." Heres a novel by milan kundera. And heres "the guide for the perplexed" by maimonides. But these are not exactly my books. I brought these books with me because they were written by my grandfathers favorite authors.
My grandfather was a rabbi and he was a widower who lived alone in a small apartment in brooklyn that was my favorite place in the world when I was growing up, partly because it was filled with his very gentle, very courtly presence and partly because it was filled with books. I mean literally every table, every chair in this apartment had yielded its original function to now serve as a surface for swaying stacks of books. Just like the rest of my family, my grandfathers favorite thing to do in the whole world was to read.
But he also loved his congregation, and you could feel this love in the sermons that he gave every week for the 62 years that he was a rabbi. He would takes the fruits of each weeks reading and he would weave these intricate tapestries of ancient and humanist thought. And people would come from all over to hear him speak.
But heres the thing about my grandfather. Underneath this ceremonial role, he was really modest and really introverted -- so much so that when he delivered these sermons, he had trouble making eye contact with the very same congregation that he had been speaking to for 62 years. And even away from the podium, when you called him to say hello, he would often end the conversation prematurely for fear that he was taking up too much of your time. But when he died at the age of 94, the police had to close down the streets of his neighborhood to accommodate the crowd of people who came out to mourn him. And so these days I try to learn from my grandfathers example in my own way.
So I just published a book about introversion, and it took me about seven years to write. And for me, that seven years was like total bliss, because i was reading, I was writing, I was thinking, I was researching. It was my version of my grandfathers hours of the day alone in his library. But now all of a sudden my job is very different, and my job is to be out here talking about it, talking about introversion. (laughter) And thats a lot harder for me, because as honored as I am to be here with all of you right now, this is not my natural milieu.
So I prepared for moments like these as best I could. I spent the last year practicing public speaking every chance I could get. And I call this my "year of speaking dangerously." (laughter) And that actually helped a lot. But Ill tell you, what helps even more is my sense, my belief, my hope that when it comes to our attitudes to introversion and to quiet and to solitude, we truly are poised on the brink on dramatic change. I mean, we are. And so i am going to leave you now with three calls for action for those who share this vision.
Number one: stop the madness for constant group work. Just stop it. (laughter) Tthank you. (applause) and I want to be clear about what im saying, because i deeply believe our offices should be encouraging casual, chatty cafe-style types of interactions -- you know, the kind where people come together and serendipitously have an exchange of ideas. That is great. Its great for introverts and its great for extroverts. But we need much more privacy and much more freedom and much more autonomy at work. School, same thing. We need to be teaching kids to work together, for sure, but we also need to be teaching them how to work on their own. This is especially important for extroverted children too. They need to work on their own because that is where deep thought comes from in part.
Okay, number two: go to the wilderness. Be like buddha, have your own revelations. Im not saying that we all have to now go off and build our own cabins in the woods and never talk to each other again, but I am saying that we could all stand to unplug and get inside our own heads a little more often.
Number three: take a good look at whats inside your own suitcase and why you put it there. So extroverts, maybe your suitcases are also full of books. Or maybe theyre full of champagne glasses or skydiving equipment. Whatever it is, I hope you take these things out every chance you get and grace us with your energy and your joy. But introverts, you being you, you probably have the impulse to guard very carefully whats inside your own suitcase. And thats okay. But occasionally, just occasionally, I hope you will open up your suitcases for other people to see, because the world needs you and it needs the things you carry.
So I wish you the best of all possible journeys and the courage to speak softly.
Thank you very much.
(applause)
Thank you. Thank you.
我九歲時(shí)第一次去夏令營。我母親給我裝了一個(gè)裝滿書的箱子，對(duì)我來說，這是一件非常自然的事情。因?yàn)樵谖壹遥喿x是主要的集體活動(dòng)。對(duì)你來說，這聽起來可能有點(diǎn)反社會(huì)，但對(duì)我們來說，這只是一種不同的社交方式。你有家里的動(dòng)物般的溫暖坐在你身邊，但你也可以自由地在你內(nèi)心的冒險(xiǎn)之地漫游。我有一個(gè)想法，夏令營會(huì)像這樣，但會(huì)更好。（笑聲）我看到10個(gè)女孩穿著相配的睡衣坐在小屋里舒適地看書。
（眾笑）
營地更像是一個(gè)沒有任何酒精的酒桶聚會(huì)。在第一天，我們的輔導(dǎo)員把我們召集在一起，她教我們歡呼，她說我們將在剩下的夏天里每天都這樣做，以灌輸夏令營精神。它是這樣寫的：“r-o-w-d-i-e，這就是我們拼寫rowdie的方式。rowdie，rowdie，讓我們來拼寫rowdie。”是 啊所以我一輩子都搞不懂為什么我們會(huì)這么吵鬧，或者為什么我們要把這個(gè)詞拼錯(cuò)。（笑聲）但我背誦了一段歡呼。我和其他人一起背誦了一首《歡呼》。我盡力了。我只是等著有一天我可以出去看書。
但當(dāng)我第一次從手提箱里拿出書時(shí)，床鋪上最酷的女孩走過來問我，“你為什么這么溫柔？”mellow，當(dāng)然，與r-o-w-d-i-e完全相反。然后，我第二次嘗試時(shí)，顧問臉上帶著關(guān)切的表情走到我面前，她重復(fù)了關(guān)于夏令營精神的觀點(diǎn)，并說我們都應(yīng)該努力工作，變得外向。
于是我把我的書收起來，放回他們的手提箱里，我把它們放在我的床下，它們在那里度過了余下的夏天。我對(duì)此感到有點(diǎn)內(nèi)疚。我覺得這些書不知何故需要我，它們在呼喚我，而我卻在拋棄它們。但我確實(shí)拋棄了它們，直到夏末我和家人回到家里，我才再次打開手提箱。
現(xiàn)在，我告訴你們這個(gè)關(guān)于夏令營的故事。我本可以告訴你50個(gè)其他人，就像這樣——我一直都在傳達(dá)這樣一個(gè)信息，不知何故，我的沉默和內(nèi)向的生活方式不一定是正確的，我應(yīng)該試著以一個(gè)更外向的人的身份通過。我總是在內(nèi)心深處感覺到這是錯(cuò)誤的，內(nèi)向的人和他們一樣非常優(yōu)秀。但多年來，我否認(rèn)了這種直覺，因此我成為了華爾街的律師，而不是我一直渴望成為的作家——部分原因是我需要向自己證明，我也可以大膽自信。我總是去擁擠的酒吧，那時(shí)我真的更愿意和朋友一起吃頓豐盛的晚餐。我本能地做出了這些自我否定的選擇，我甚至沒有意識(shí)到我在做這些選擇。
這就是許多內(nèi)向者所做的，這當(dāng)然是我們的損失，但也是我們同事和社區(qū)的損失。盡管聽起來有些夸張，但這是全世界的損失。因?yàn)樵趧?chuàng)造力和領(lǐng)導(dǎo)力方面，我們需要內(nèi)向的人做他們最擅長的事情。三分之一到一半的人口是內(nèi)向型的——三分之一到一半。你認(rèn)識(shí)的每兩三個(gè)人中就有一個(gè)。所以，即使你自己是一個(gè)外向的人，我說的是你的同事、配偶、孩子和坐在你旁邊的人——他們都受到這種偏見的影響，這種偏見在我們的社會(huì)中是非常深刻和真實(shí)的。我們從很小的時(shí)候就把它內(nèi)化了，甚至沒有一種語言來描述我們正在做的事情。
現(xiàn)在要清楚地看到偏見，你需要理解什么是內(nèi)向。這與害羞不同。羞怯是對(duì)社會(huì)判斷的恐懼。內(nèi)向更多的是關(guān)于你如何應(yīng)對(duì)刺激，包括社交刺激。所以外向的人確實(shí)渴望大量的刺激，而內(nèi)向的人在更安靜、更低調(diào)的環(huán)境中感覺最活躍、最活躍、最能干。不是所有的時(shí)間，這些事情不是絕對(duì)的，但是很多時(shí)候。因此，最大限度地發(fā)揮我們的才能的關(guān)鍵是讓我們所有人都把自己放在適合我們的刺激區(qū)。
但現(xiàn)在這就是偏見的來源。我們最重要的機(jī)構(gòu)、學(xué)校和工作場所，主要是為外向者和外向者對(duì)大量刺激的需求而設(shè)計(jì)的。我們現(xiàn)在有一個(gè)信念體系，我稱之為新的群體思維，它認(rèn)為所有的創(chuàng)造力和生產(chǎn)力都來自一個(gè)非常奇怪的社交場所。
如果你想象一下現(xiàn)在典型的教室：我上學(xué)的時(shí)候，我們坐成一排。我們像這樣坐在一排課桌上，大部分工作都是自主完成的。但是現(xiàn)在，你典型的教室里有很多。
其他TED英語演講稿 1
the night before i was heading for scotland, i was invited to host the final of “china’s got talent” show in shanghai with the 80,000 live audience in the stadium. guess who was the performing guest? susan boyle. and i told her, “i’m going to scotland the next day.” she sang beautifully, and she even managed to say a few words in chinese. [chinese] soit’s not like “hello” or “thank you,” that ordinary stuff. it means “greenonion for free.” why did she say that? because it was a line from our chinese parallel susan boyle — a 50-some year-old woman, a vegetable vendor inshanghai, who loves singing western opera, but she didn’t understand anyenglish or french or italian, so she managed to fill in the lyrics with vegetable names in chinese. (laughter) and the last sentence of nessun dormathat she was singing in the stadium was “green onion for free.” so [as] susanboyle was saying that, 80,000 live audience sang together. that was hilarious.
so i guess both susan boyle and this vegetable vendor in shanghai belonged to otherness. they were the least expected to be successful in the business called entertainment, yet their courage and talent brought themthrough. and a show and a platform gave them the stage to realize their dreams.well, being different is not that difficult. we are all different from different perspectives. but i think being different is good, because you present a different point of view. you may have the chance to make a difference.
my generation has been very fortunate to witness and participate in the historic transformation of china that has made so many changes in the past 20, 30 years. i remember that in the year of 1990, when i was graduating from college, i was applying for a job in the sales department of the first five-star hotel in beijing, great wall sheraton — it’s still there. so after being interrogated by this japanese manager for a half an hour,he finally said, “so, miss yang, do you have any questions to ask me?” i summoned my courage and poise and said, “yes, but could you let me know, what actually do you sell?” i didn’t have a clue what a sales department was about in a five-star hotel. that was the first day i set my foot in a five-star hotel.
around the same time, i was going through an audition —the first ever open audition by national television in china — with another thousand college girls. the producer told us they were looking for some sweet,innocent and beautiful fresh face. so when it was my turn, i stood up and said,“why [do] women’s personalities on television always have to be beautiful,sweet, innocent and, you know, supportive? why can’t they have their own ideas and their own voice?” i thought i kind of offended them. but actually, they were impressed by my words. and so i was in the second round of competition,and then the third and the fourth. after seven rounds of competition, i was the last one to survive it. so i was on a national television prime-time show. and believe it or not, that was the first show on chinese television that allowed its hosts to speak out of their own minds without reading an approved script.(applause) and my weekly audience at that time was between 200 to 300 million people.
well after a few years, i decided to go to the u.s. and columbia university to pursue my postgraduate studies, and then started my ownmedia company, which was unthought of during the years that i started mycareer. so we do a lot of things. i’ve interviewed more than a thousand peoplein the past. and sometimes i have young people approaching me say, “l(fā)an, you changed my life,” and i feel proud of that. but then we are also so fortunate to witness the transformation of the whole country. i was in beijing’s bidding for the olympic games. i was representing the shanghai expo. i saw china embracing the world and vice versa. but then sometimes i’m thinking, what are today’s young generation up to? how are they different, and what are the differences they are going to make to shape the future of china, or at large,the world?
so today i want to talk about young people through the platform of social media. first of all, who are they? [what] do they look like?well this is a girl called guo meimei — 20 years old, beautiful. she showed offher expensive bags, clothes and car on her microblog, which is the chinese version of twitter. and she claimed to be the general manager of red cross at the chamber of commerce. she didn’t realize that she stepped on a sensitive nerve and aroused national questioning, almost a turmoil, against the credibility of red cross. the controversy was so heated that the red cross had to open a press conference to clarify it, and the investigation is going on.
so far, as of today, we know that she herself made up that title — probably because she feels proud to be associated with charity.all those expensive items were given to her as gifts by her boyfriend, who used to be a board member in a subdivision of red cross at chamber of commerce. it’s very complicated to explain. but anyway, the public still doesn’t buy it. it is still boiling. it shows us a general mistrust of government or government-backed institutions, which lacked transparency in the past. and also it showed us the power and the impact of social media as microblog.
microblog boomed in the year of , with visitors doubled and time spent on it tripled. sina.com, a major news portal, alone hasmore than 140 million microbloggers. on tencent, 200 million. the most popular blogger — it’s not me — it’s a movie star, and she has more than 9.5 million followers, or fans. about 80 percent of those microbloggers are young people,under 30 years old. and because, as you know, the traditional media is still heavily controlled by the government, social media offers an opening to let thesteam out a little bit. but because you don’t have many other openings, theheat coming out of this opening is sometimes very strong, active and even violent.
so through microblogging, we are able to understand chinese youth even better. so how are they different? first of all, most of them were born in the 80s and 90s, under the one-child policy. and because of selected abortion by families who favored boys to girls, now we have ended up with 30 million more young men than women. that could pose a potential danger to the society, but who knows; we’re in a globalized world, so they can look for girlfriends from other countries. most of them have fairly good education.the illiteracy rate in china among this generation is under one percent. incities, 80 percent of kids go to college. but they are facing an aging china with a population above 65 years old coming up with seven-point-some percent this year, and about to be 15 percent by the year of 2030. and you know we have the tradition that younger generations support the elders financially, and taking care of them when they’re sick. so it means young couples will have to support four parents who have a life expectancy of 73 years old.
so making a living is not that easy for young people.college graduates are not in short supply. in urban areas, college graduates find the starting salary is about 400 u.s. dollars a month, while the average rent is above $500. so what do they do? they have to share space — squeezed invery limited space to save money — and they call themselves “tribe of ants.”and for those who are ready to get married and buy their apartment, they figured out they have to work for 30 to 40 years to afford their firstapartment. that ratio in america would only cost a couple five years to earn,but in china it’s 30 to 40 years with the skyrocketing real estate price.
among the 200 million migrant workers, 60 percent of them are young people. they find themselves sort of sandwiched between the urban areas and the rural areas. most of them don’t want to go back to the countryside, but they don’t have the sense of belonging. they work for longer hours with less income, less social welfare. and they’re more vulnerable to joblosses, subject to inflation, tightening loans from banks, appreciation of the renminbi, or decline of demand from europe or america for the products theyproduce. last year, though, an appalling incident in a southern oemmanufacturing compound in china: 13 young workers in their late teens and early 20s committed suicide, just one by one like causing a contagious disease. but they died because of all different personal reasons. but this whole incident aroused a huge outcry from society about the isolation, both physical and mental, ofthese migrant workers.
for those who do return back to the countryside, they find themselves very welcome locally, because with the knowledge, skills and networks they have learned in the cities, with the assistance of the internet,they’re able to create more jobs, upgrade local agriculture and create newbusiness in the less developed market. so for the past few years, the coastal areas, they found themselves in a shortage of labor.
these diagrams show a more general social background. the first one is the engels coefficient, which explains that the cost of dailynecessities has dropped its percentage all through the past decade, in terms offamily income, to about 37-some percent. but then in the last two years, it goes up again to 39 percent, indicating a rising living cost. the gini coefficient has already passed the dangerous line of 0.4. now it’s 0.5 — even worse than that in america — showing us the income inequality. and so you see this whole society getting frustrated about losing some of its mobility. and also, the bitterness and even resentment towards the rich and the powerful isquite widespread. so any accusations of corruption or backdoor dealings between authorities or business would arouse a social outcry or even unrest.
so through some of the hottest topics on microblogging,we can see what young people care most about. social justice and governmentaccountability runs the first in what they demand. for the past decade or so, amassive urbanization and development have let us witness a lot of reports onthe forced demolition of private property. and it has aroused huge anger and frustration among our young generation. sometimes people get killed, and sometimes people set themselves on fire to protest. so when these incidents are reported more and more frequently on the internet, people cry for thegovernment to take actions to stop this.
so the good news is that earlier this year, the state council passed a new regulation on house requisition and demolition and passedthe right to order forced demolition from local governments to the court.similarly, many other issues concerning public safety is a hot topic on the internet. we heard about polluted air, polluted water, poisoned food. and guesswhat, we have faked beef. they have sorts of ingredients that you brush on apiece of chicken or fish, and it turns it to look like beef. and then lately,people are very concerned about cooking oil, because thousands of people have been found [refining] cooking oil from restaurant slop. so all these things have aroused a huge outcry from the internet. and fortunately, we have seen the government responding more timely and also more frequently to the public concerns.
while young people seem to be very sure about their participation in public policy-making, but sometimes they’re a little bit lost in terms of what they want for their personal life. china is soon to pass the u.s. as the number one market for luxury brands — that’s not including the chinese expenditures in europe and elsewhere. but you know what, half of those consumers are earning a salary below 2,000 u.s. dollars. they’re not rich atall. they’re taking those bags and clothes as a sense of identity and social status. and this is a girl explicitly saying on a tv dating show that she would rather cry in a bmw than smile on a bicycle. but of course, we do have young people who would still prefer to smile, whether in a bmw or [on] a bicycle.
so in the next picture, you see a very popular phenomenon called “naked” wedding, or “naked” marriage. it does not mean they will wear nothing in the wedding, but it shows that these young couples are ready to get married without a house, without a car, without a diamond ring and without a wedding banquet, to show their commitment to true love. and also, people are doing good through social media. and the first picture showed us that a truck caging 500 homeless and kidnapped dogs for food processing was spotted andstopped on the highway with the whole country watching through microblogging.people were donating money, dog food and offering volunteer work to stop that truck. and after hours of negotiation, 500 dogs were rescued. and here also people are helping to find missing children. a father posted his son’s picture onto the internet. after thousands of [unclear], the child was found, and we witnessed the reunion of the family through microblogging.
so happiness is the most popular word we have heardthrough the past two years. happiness is not only related to personal experiences and personal values, but also, it’s about the environment. people are thinking about the following questions: are we going to sacrifice our environment further to produce higher gdp? how are we going to perform our social and political reform to keep pace with economic growth, to keep sustainability and stability? and also, how capable is the system ofself-correctness to keep more people content with all sorts of friction goingon at the same time? i guess these are the questions people are going to answer. and our younger generation are going to transform this country while at the same time being transformed themselves.
thank you very much.
譯文：
來蘇格蘭(做ted講演)的前夜，我被邀請去上海做”中國達(dá)人秀“決賽的評(píng)委。在裝有八萬現(xiàn)場觀眾的演播廳里，在臺(tái)上的表演嘉賓居然是(來自蘇格蘭的，因參加英國達(dá)人秀走紅的)蘇珊大媽(susan boyle)。我告訴她，“我明天就要啟程去蘇格蘭。”她唱得很動(dòng)聽，還對(duì)觀眾說了幾句中文，她并沒有說簡單的”你好“或者”謝謝“，她說的是——“送你蔥”。為什么?這句話其實(shí)來源于中國版的“蘇珊大媽”——一位五十歲的以賣菜為生，卻對(duì)西方歌劇有出奇愛好的上海中年婦女(蔡洪平)。這位中國的蘇珊大媽并不懂英文，法語或意大利文，所以她將歌劇中的詞匯都換做中文中的蔬菜名，并且演唱出來。在她口中，歌劇《圖蘭朵》的最后一句便是“song ni cong”。當(dāng)真正的英國蘇珊大媽唱出這一句“中文的”《圖蘭朵》時(shí)，全場的八萬觀眾也一起高聲歌唱，場面的確有些滑稽。
我想susan boyle和這位上海的買菜農(nóng)婦的確屬于人群中的少數(shù)。她們是最不可能在演藝界成功的，而她們的勇氣和才華讓她們成功了，這個(gè)節(jié)目和舞臺(tái)給予了她們一個(gè)實(shí)現(xiàn)個(gè)人夢想的機(jī)會(huì)。這樣看來，與眾不同好像沒有那么難。從不同的方面審視，我們每個(gè)人都是不同的。但是我想，與眾不同是一件好事，因?yàn)槟愦砹瞬灰粯拥挠^點(diǎn)，你擁有了做改變的機(jī)會(huì)。
我這一代中國人很幸運(yùn)的目睹并且參與了中國在過去二三十年中經(jīng)歷的巨變。我記得1990年，當(dāng)我剛大學(xué)畢業(yè)時(shí)，我申請了當(dāng)時(shí)北京的第一家五星級(jí)酒店——長城喜來登酒店的銷售部門的工作。這家酒店現(xiàn)在仍在北京。當(dāng)我被一位日本籍經(jīng)理面試了一個(gè)半小時(shí)之后，他問到，“楊小姐，你有什么想問我的嗎?”，我屏住呼吸，問道“是的，你能告訴我，具體我需要銷售些什么嗎?”當(dāng)時(shí)的我，對(duì)五星級(jí)酒店的銷售部門沒有任何概念，事實(shí)上，那是我第一次進(jìn)到一家五星級(jí)酒店。
我當(dāng)時(shí)也在參加另一場“面試”，中國國家電視臺(tái)的首次公開試鏡，與我一起參與選拔的還有另外1000名大學(xué)女畢業(yè)生。節(jié)目制作人說，他們希望找到一位甜美，無辜(lol)，漂亮的新鮮面孔。輪到我的時(shí)候，我問道“為什么在電視屏幕上，女性總應(yīng)該表現(xiàn)出甜美漂亮，甚至是服從性的一面?為什么她們不能有她們自己的想法和聲音?“我覺得我的問題甚至有點(diǎn)冒犯到了他。但實(shí)際上，他們對(duì)我的表現(xiàn)印象深刻。我進(jìn)入了第二輪選拔，第三輪，第四輪，直至最后的第七場選拔，我是唯一一個(gè)走到最后的試鏡者。我從此走上了國家電視臺(tái)黃金時(shí)段的熒幕。你可能不相信，但在當(dāng)時(shí)，我所主持的電視節(jié)目是中國第一個(gè)，不讓主持人念已經(jīng)審核過的稿件的節(jié)目(掌聲)。我每周需要面對(duì)兩億到三億左右的電視觀眾。
幾年以后，我決定來美國哥倫比亞大學(xué)繼續(xù)深造，之后也開始運(yùn)營自己的媒體公司，這也是我在職業(yè)生涯初始時(shí)所沒有預(yù)料到的。我的公司做很多不同的業(yè)務(wù)，在過去這些年里，我訪談過一千多人。經(jīng)常有年輕人對(duì)我說，“楊瀾，你改變了我的人生”，我對(duì)此感到非常自豪。我也幸運(yùn)的目睹了整個(gè)國家的轉(zhuǎn)變：我參與了北京申奧和上海世博會(huì)。我看到中國在擁抱這個(gè)世界，而世界也進(jìn)一步的接受中國。但有時(shí)我也在想，今天的年輕人的生活是什么樣的?他們(與我們相比)有什么不同?他們將帶給中國，甚至整個(gè)世界的未來一些怎樣的變化?
我想通過社交媒體來談一談中國的年輕人們。首先，他們是誰，他們是什么樣子?這是一位叫郭美美的女孩兒，20歲，年輕漂亮。她在中國版的twitter上——新浪微博上，炫耀她所擁有的奢侈品，衣服，包和車。她甚至宣稱她是中國紅十字會(huì)的工作人員。她沒有意識(shí)到她的行為觸及了中國民眾極為敏感的神經(jīng)，這引發(fā)了一場全民大討論，民眾開始質(zhì)疑紅十字會(huì)的公信力。中國紅十字會(huì)為了平息這場爭議甚至舉辦了一場記者會(huì)來澄清，直至今日，對(duì)于”郭美美事件“的調(diào)查仍在繼續(xù)。
時(shí)至今日，我們所知道的事實(shí)是，她謊報(bào)了她的頭銜，可能是因?yàn)樗奶摌s心，希望把自己和慈善機(jī)構(gòu)聯(lián)系起來。所有那些奢侈品都是她的男朋友給她買的，而那位”男朋友“的確曾經(jīng)是紅十字會(huì)的工作人員。這解釋起來很復(fù)雜，總之，公眾對(duì)他們的解釋仍然不滿意，這仍然是在風(fēng)口浪尖的一件事。這件事體現(xiàn)出(中國社會(huì))對(duì)長期不透明的政府機(jī)關(guān)的不信任，同時(shí)也表現(xiàn)出社交媒體(微博)巨大的社會(huì)影響力。
微博在XX年得到了爆炸性的增長，微博的訪問用戶增長了一倍，用戶的訪問時(shí)間是XX年的三倍。新浪(sina.com)，一個(gè)最主要的微博平臺(tái)，擁有1.4億的微博用戶，而騰訊擁有兩億用戶。(在中國)最有名的微博主——不是我——是一位電影明星，她擁有近九百五十萬”粉絲“。接近80%的微博用戶是年輕人，三十歲以下。因?yàn)閭鹘y(tǒng)媒體還在政府的強(qiáng)力控制之下，社交媒體提供了一個(gè)開放的平臺(tái)進(jìn)行了一些(民眾觀點(diǎn)的)分流。因?yàn)檫@樣分流的渠道并不多，從這個(gè)平臺(tái)上爆發(fā)出的能量往往非常強(qiáng)烈，有時(shí)候甚至過于強(qiáng)烈。
通過微博，我們可以更好的了解到中國的年輕一代。首先，他們中的大多數(shù)都出生在八零九零年代，在獨(dú)生子女的生育政策的大背景下長大。因?yàn)槠媚泻⒌募彝?huì)選擇性的墮胎，現(xiàn)在(中國)的年輕男性的數(shù)量多過年輕女性三千萬，這可能帶來社會(huì)的不穩(wěn)定(危險(xiǎn))，但是我們知道，在這個(gè)全球化的社會(huì)中，他們可能可以去其他國家找女朋友。大多數(shù)人都擁有良好的教育。這一代中國人中的文盲率已經(jīng)低于1%。在城市中，80%的孩子可以上大學(xué)，但他們將要面對(duì)的是一個(gè)，有接近7%的人口都是老年人的社會(huì)，這個(gè)數(shù)字在2030年會(huì)增長到15%。在這個(gè)國家，傳統(tǒng)是讓年輕人來從經(jīng)濟(jì)上和醫(yī)療上來支持老年人，這意味著，一對(duì)年輕的夫妻將需要支持四個(gè)平均年齡是73歲的老人。
所以對(duì)于年輕人而言，生活并不是容易。本科畢業(yè)生也不在是緊缺資源。在城市中，本科生的月起薪通常是400美元(2500人民幣)，而公寓的平均月租金卻是500美元。所以他們的解決方式是合租——擠在有限的空間中以節(jié)省開支，他們叫自己”蟻?zhàn)濉！皩?duì)于那些準(zhǔn)備好結(jié)婚并希望購買一套公寓的中國年輕夫婦而言，他們發(fā)現(xiàn)他們必須要不間斷的工作30到40年才可以負(fù)擔(dān)得起一套公寓。對(duì)于同樣的美國年輕夫婦而言，他們只需要五年時(shí)間。
在近兩億的涌入城市的農(nóng)民工中，他們中的60%都是年輕人。他們發(fā)現(xiàn)自己被夾在了城市和農(nóng)村中，大多數(shù)人不愿意回到農(nóng)村，但他們在城市也找不到歸屬感。他們工作更長的時(shí)間卻獲得更少的薪水和社會(huì)福利。他們也更容易面臨失業(yè)，受到通貨膨脹，銀行利率，人民幣升值的影響，甚至美國和歐盟對(duì)于中國制造產(chǎn)品的抵制也會(huì)影響到他們。去年，在中國南方的一個(gè)制造工廠里，有十三位年輕的工人選擇了結(jié)束自己的生命，一個(gè)接一個(gè)，像一場傳染病。他們輕生的原因各有不同，但整個(gè)事件提醒了中國社會(huì)和政府，需要更多的關(guān)注這些在精神上和生理上都與外界脫節(jié)的年輕農(nóng)民工人。
對(duì)于那些回到農(nóng)村的年輕人，他們所經(jīng)歷的城市生活，所學(xué)到的知識(shí)，技巧和建立的社會(huì)網(wǎng)絡(luò)，讓他們通常更受歡迎。特別是在互聯(lián)網(wǎng)的幫助下，他們更有可能獲得工作，提升農(nóng)村的農(nóng)業(yè)水平和發(fā)展新的商業(yè)機(jī)會(huì)。在過去的一些年中，一些沿海的城鎮(zhèn)甚至出現(xiàn)了勞動(dòng)力短缺。
這些圖片展現(xiàn)出整體的社會(huì)背景。第一張圖片是恩格斯系數(shù)(食品支出占總消費(fèi)支出的比例)，可以看到在過去的十年中，食物和生活必需品在家庭消費(fèi)中的比例有所下降(37%)，然后在過去的兩年中，這項(xiàng)指數(shù)上升到39%，說明近兩年中生活成本的攀升。基尼系數(shù)早已越過了危險(xiǎn)的0.4，到達(dá)0.5——這甚至高過了美國——體現(xiàn)出極大的貧富差距，所以我們才看到整個(gè)社會(huì)的失衡。同時(shí)，“仇富心態(tài)”也開始在整個(gè)社會(huì)蔓延，任何與腐敗和走后門相關(guān)的政府或商業(yè)丑聞都會(huì)引發(fā)社會(huì)危機(jī)和不穩(wěn)定。
通過微博上很火的話題，我們可以看到年輕人的關(guān)注點(diǎn)。社會(huì)公正和政府的公信力是他們首要需求的。在過去的十年中，急速的城市化讓民眾讀到太多強(qiáng)制私人住戶拆遷的新聞，這引發(fā)了年輕一代的憤怒和不理解。有時(shí)候，被拆遷的住戶以自殺和自焚的方式來抗議(強(qiáng)制拆遷行為)。當(dāng)這些事件越來越常在互聯(lián)網(wǎng)上被揭露出來，人們期待政府可以采取一些更積極的制止行動(dòng)。
好消息是，今年早些時(shí)候，人民代表大會(huì)通過了一項(xiàng)關(guān)于房屋征用和拆遷的新法規(guī)，將征用和拆遷的權(quán)利從當(dāng)?shù)卣平坏搅朔ㄍァＯ嗤模芏嗥渌c公共安全相關(guān)的問題也在互聯(lián)網(wǎng)上被熱烈討論。我們聽到有太多空氣污染，水污染，有毒食品的報(bào)道。你甚至都想不到，我們還有假牛肉。人們用一種特殊的材料加入雞肉和魚肉中，然后以牛肉的價(jià)格進(jìn)行出售。最近，人們對(duì)食用油也很擔(dān)憂，大量的餐館被發(fā)現(xiàn)在使用“地溝油“。所有這些事件引發(fā)了互聯(lián)網(wǎng)上民眾觀點(diǎn)的大爆發(fā)。幸運(yùn)的是，我們看到了政府正在更積極和更及時(shí)的對(duì)這些民眾的質(zhì)疑給予回應(yīng)。
一方面，年輕人越來越積極的參與到公共事務(wù)中;另一方面，他們也在尋找或者說迷失與個(gè)人生活的價(jià)值和定位。中國很快就要超過美國，成為世界上第一大奢侈品消費(fèi)國——這還不包括中國人在國外的消費(fèi)。但你知道嗎，超過半數(shù)中國的奢侈品消費(fèi)者的(年)收入都低于兩千美元。他們其實(shí)并不富裕，他們用那些奢侈品牌的服裝和包體現(xiàn)身份和社會(huì)地位。這是一位在電視節(jié)目上公然表明，自己寧愿在寶馬車?yán)锟抟膊蛔谧孕熊嚭笮Φ哪贻p女孩。當(dāng)然，我們也有更多的年輕人，喜歡微笑，不管是在寶馬還是在自行車上。
在下一幅圖中，你看到的是現(xiàn)在非常流行的”裸婚“，這并不代表這“裸露出席婚禮”，這體現(xiàn)的是年輕人愿意接受結(jié)婚不買房，不買車，不買鉆戒，甚至不辦婚宴的這個(gè)現(xiàn)實(shí)，作為對(duì)純樸的真愛的致敬。但同時(shí)，人們也在通過社交媒體做一些善事。這副圖片里，這輛車上裝有500只被”綁架“來，準(zhǔn)備被送去屠宰的狗，這輛車被網(wǎng)友們發(fā)現(xiàn)后，人們開始通過微博關(guān)注事態(tài)的進(jìn)展，并且通過捐錢，捐食物和做義工來試圖攔截該車。在幾個(gè)小時(shí)的周旋后，這500條狗獲救并被放生。有更多的人在通過微博尋找丟失的孩子。一位父親將他失散的兒子的照片發(fā)布到微博上，在幾千條”轉(zhuǎn)發(fā)“之后，他的兒子被找到，家庭的團(tuán)聚也在微博上被報(bào)道出來。
“幸福(感)”是近兩年中國的流行詞匯。幸福感不僅僅與個(gè)人體驗(yàn)和價(jià)值觀相關(guān)，更多的，它與環(huán)境息息相關(guān)。人們在思考：我們是否要犧牲環(huán)境來提升gdp?我們要怎樣進(jìn)行社會(huì)和政治體制的改革來應(yīng)對(duì)經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展，保持穩(wěn)定性和可持續(xù)性發(fā)展?同時(shí)，這個(gè)系統(tǒng)的自我修正能力是否足夠強(qiáng)大，是否能夠讓生活在其中的人民接受在前進(jìn)過程中的各種壓力和困難?我想這些都是中國人民需要回答的問題，而中國的年輕一代將在改變這個(gè)國家的過程中也改變自己。
非常感謝。
其他TED英語演講稿2
When Dorothy was a little girl, she wasfascinated by her goldfish. Her father explained to her that fish swim byquickly wagging their tails to propel themselves through the water. Withouthesitation, little Dorothy responded, "Yes, Daddy, and fish swim backwardsby wagging their heads."
當(dāng)多蘿西還是一個(gè)小女孩的時(shí)候，她被她的金魚迷住了。她的父親向她解釋，魚是通過快速搖尾推動(dòng)自己在水中前進(jìn)。毫無猶豫地，小多蘿西回答道，“是的，爸爸，而且魚會(huì)通過搖頭來后退。”
In her mind, it was a fact as true as anyother. Fish swim backwards by wagging their heads. She believed it.
在她的心里，這是一個(gè)確切的事實(shí)。魚通過搖頭來后退。她堅(jiān)信如此。
Our lives are full of fish swimmingbackwards. We make assumptions and faulty leaps of logic. We harbor bias. Weknow that we are right, and they are wrong. We fear the worst. We strive forunattainable perfection. We tell ourselves what we can and cannot do. In ourminds, fish swim by in reverse frantically wagging their heads and we donteven notice them.
我們的生活中充滿著倒游的魚。我們制造假設(shè)和錯(cuò)誤跳躍的邏輯。我們心懷偏見。我們知道我們是對(duì)的，而他們是錯(cuò)的。我們害怕最糟糕的。我們力求無法獲得的完美。我們告訴自己什么是我們能做的和不能做的。在我們心里，魚是通過往相反方向瘋狂搖頭來游泳的，而我們甚至不曾察覺過它們。
Im going to tell you five facts aboutmyself. One fact is not true. One: I graduated from Harvard at 19 with anhonors degree in mathematics. Two: I currently run a construction company inOrlando. Three: I starred on a television sitcom. Four: I lost my sight to arare genetic eye disease. Five: I served as a law clerk to two US Supreme Courtjustices. Which fact is not true? Actually, theyre all true. Yeah. Theyre alltrue.
我想告訴你們五件關(guān)于我的事實(shí)。其中有一件不是真的。第一：我19歲的時(shí)候以數(shù)學(xué)榮譽(yù)學(xué)士學(xué)位畢業(yè)于哈佛大學(xué)。第二：我現(xiàn)在在奧蘭多經(jīng)營著一家建筑公司。第三：我主演過一部電視情景劇。第四：我因?yàn)榛忌弦环N罕有的遺傳性眼疾而失去了視力。第五：我曾經(jīng)給兩位美國最高法院的法官當(dāng)過法律助手。哪一個(gè)不是真的呢?事實(shí)上，它們都是真的。是的，它們都是真的。
At this point, most people really only careabout the television show.
這時(shí)候，大部分人其實(shí)都只關(guān)心那部電視劇。
I know this from experience. OK, so theshow was NBCs "Saved by the Bell: The New Class." And I playedWeasel Wyzell, who was the sort of dorky, nerdy character on the show, whichmade it a very major acting challenge for me as a 13-year-old boy.
這是經(jīng)驗(yàn)告訴我的。好吧，那部電視劇是NBC的“SavedbytheBell:TheNewClass."而我飾演了WeaselWyzell，一個(gè)在劇中帶點(diǎn)笨拙書呆子性格的角色，對(duì)于13歲的我來說，這是一個(gè)很重大的演出挑戰(zhàn)。
Now, did you struggle with number four, myblindness? Why is that? We make assumptions about so-called disabilities. As ablind man, I confront others incorrect assumptions about my abilities everyday. My point today is not about my blindness, however. Its about my vision.Going blind taught me to live my life eyes wide open. It taught me to spotthose backwards-swimming fish that our minds create. Going blind cast them intofocus.
現(xiàn)在，你是否糾結(jié)于第四個(gè)事實(shí)，我的失明?為什么會(huì)這樣呢?我們對(duì)所謂的殘疾做出一些假設(shè)。作為盲人，我每天都面對(duì)別人對(duì)我能力的錯(cuò)誤假設(shè)。然而，我今天的重點(diǎn)不在于我的失明。而是在于我的視野。失明教會(huì)我用開闊的眼界去生活。它教會(huì)我去發(fā)現(xiàn)那些倒游的魚，我們內(nèi)心創(chuàng)造出來的魚。失明使它們變成了焦點(diǎn)。
What does it feel like to see? Itsimmediate and passive. You open your eyes and theres the world. Seeing isbelieving. Sight is truth. Right? Well, thats what I thought.
看得見是怎么樣的一種感覺?是即時(shí)并且被動(dòng)的。你睜開雙眼，世界就在你眼前。看見什么相信什么。眼見為實(shí)。對(duì)吧?好吧，我當(dāng)初是這么想的。
Then, from age 12 to 25, my retinasprogressively deteriorated. My sight became an increasingly bizarre carnivalfunhouse hall of mirrors and illusions. The salesperson I was relieved to spotin a store was really a mannequin. Reaching down to wash my hands, I suddenlysaw it was a urinal I was touching, not a sink, when my fingers felt its trueshape.
接著，從12歲到15歲，我的視網(wǎng)膜逐漸衰弱。我的視像變成了愈加奇異的嘉年華游樂場里的哈哈鏡。我在商店里好不容易發(fā)現(xiàn)的銷售員實(shí)際上是一個(gè)人體模型。俯下身去洗手，當(dāng)我的手指感受到它的真實(shí)形狀，我意識(shí)到我去觸摸的是小便池，而不是洗手池。
A friend described the photograph in my hand, and only then I could seethe image depicted. Objects appeared, morphed and disappeared in my reality. Itwas difficult and exhausting to see. I pieced together fragmented, transitoryimages, consciously analyzed the clues, searched for some logic in my crumblingkaleidoscope, until I saw nothing at all.
一位朋友向我描述我手中的照片，只有在那時(shí)候我才能明白圖像描畫了些什么。物體在我的現(xiàn)實(shí)中出現(xiàn)、變形和消失。看見成為了一件困難的使我筋疲力盡的事情。我把支離破碎的、片刻的圖像拼接起來，憑感覺分析線索，在我破碎的萬花筒中尋找符合邏輯的對(duì)應(yīng)，直到我什么都看不見。
I learned that what we see is not universaltruth. It is not objective reality. What we see is a unique, personal, virtualreality that is masterfully constructed by our brain.
我認(rèn)識(shí)到我們所看到的并不即是普遍真理。并不是客觀現(xiàn)實(shí)。我們所看到的是獨(dú)一無二的虛擬現(xiàn)實(shí)，它是由我們的大腦巧妙地構(gòu)造出來的。
Let me explain with a bit of amateurneuroscience. Your visual cortex takes up about 30 percent of your brain.Thats compared to approximately eight percent for touch and two to threepercent for hearing. Every second, your eyes can send your visual cortex as manyas two billion pieces of information. The rest of your body can send your brainonly an additional billion. So sight is one third of your brain by volume andcan claim about two thirds of your brains processing resources. Its nosurprise then that the illusion of sight is so compelling. But make no mistakeabout it: sight is an illusion.
請讓我以外行的身份解釋一遍神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)學(xué)。你的視覺皮層占據(jù)了你腦部的大概30%。相比于觸覺的8%以及聽覺的2-3%。每一秒鐘，你的雙眼能夠向你的視覺皮層傳達(dá)多達(dá)二十億的信息片段。其余的身體部分加起來也僅能夠傳達(dá)另外的十億。所以視覺占據(jù)了你腦部容量的三分之一并且占用了你腦部中三分之二的信息處理資源。因此意想得到的是視覺幻象是多么的令人信服。但是別誤會(huì)了：我們所看到的只是一種幻象。
Heres where it gets interesting. To createthe experience of sight, your brain references your conceptual understanding ofthe world, other knowledge, your memories, opinions, emotions, mentalattention. All of these things and far more are linked in your brain to yoursight. These linkages work both ways, and usually occur subconsciously. So for example, what you see impacts how you feel, and the way you feel can literally change what you see.
這是事情變得有趣的地方。為了制造視覺經(jīng)驗(yàn)，你的大腦參考了你對(duì)這個(gè)世界的概念性理解，其它知識(shí)、你的記憶、看法、情緒和心理關(guān)注。所有的這些東西和以及其它的都連結(jié)于你的大腦和視覺景象之間。這些連結(jié)是雙向作用的，并且常常在潛意識(shí)中發(fā)生。舉例子來說，你所看到的會(huì)影響到你的感覺，而你的感覺又能夠直接改變你所看到的。
Numerous studies demonstrate this. If you are asked toestimate the walking speed of a man in a video, for example, your answer willbe different if youre told to think about cheetahs or turtles. A hill appearssteeper if youve just exercised, and a landmark appears farther away if yourewearing a heavy backpack. We have arrived at a fundamental contradiction.
許多的研究證明了這一點(diǎn)。如果你被要求去估計(jì)視頻中人物的行走速度，舉例來說，在被告知去想著獵豹或者烏龜?shù)那闆r下，你的答案將會(huì)不一樣。如果你剛剛運(yùn)動(dòng)完，你會(huì)感覺山變陡峭了，如果你背著一個(gè)很重的背包，眼前的目的地看起來距離更遠(yuǎn)。我們在這里遇到了一種基本的矛盾。
What you see is a complex mental construction of your own making, but you experienceit passively as a direct representation of the world around you. You createyour own reality, and you believe it. I believed mine until it broke apart. Thedeterioration of my eyes shattered the illusion.
你肉眼所看到的東西是你自己創(chuàng)造的一種復(fù)雜的心智建造，但是你被動(dòng)地經(jīng)歷著它讓它作為你周遭世界的一種直接呈現(xiàn)。你創(chuàng)造了屬于你自己的現(xiàn)實(shí)并且深信著它。我深信于我的現(xiàn)實(shí)直到它瓦解了。我雙眼的衰退粉碎了這種幻象。
You see, sight is just one way we shape ourreality. We create our own realities in many other ways. Lets take fear asjust one example. Your fears distort your reality. Under the warped logic offear, anything is better than the uncertain. Fear fills the void at all costs,passing off what you dread for what you know, offering up the worst in place ofthe ambiguous, substituting assumption for reason. Psychologists have a greatterm for it: awfulizing.
你看，視覺只是我們認(rèn)識(shí)世界的一種途徑。我們可以通過許多其它的方式去創(chuàng)造屬于我們自己的現(xiàn)實(shí)。讓我們來舉恐懼作為一個(gè)例子。你的恐懼扭曲了你的現(xiàn)實(shí)。在扭曲的恐懼邏輯影響下，任何事情都比未知要好。恐懼不惜一切代價(jià)填補(bǔ)空白，把你所懼怕的冒充成你所知道的，讓最糟糕取代了不明確，使假設(shè)代替了原因。心理學(xué)家對(duì)此有一個(gè)很好的術(shù)語：往壞處想。
Right? Fear replaces the unknown with theawful. Now, fear is self-realizing. When you face the greatest need to lookoutside yourself and think critically, fear beats a retreat deep inside yourmind, shrinking and distorting your view, drowning your capacity for criticalthought with a flood of disruptive emotions. When you face a compellingopportunity to take action, fear lulls you into inaction, enticing you topassively watch its prophecies fulfill themselves.
對(duì)吧?恐懼把未知的替換成了可怕的。現(xiàn)在，恐懼在自我實(shí)現(xiàn)著。當(dāng)你非常迫切的需要去客觀看待自己并進(jìn)行批判性思考的時(shí)候，恐懼在你的內(nèi)心深處打起了退堂鼓，收縮并扭曲你的觀點(diǎn)，以洪水般涌現(xiàn)的破壞性情緒淹沒你批判思考的能力。當(dāng)你面對(duì)一個(gè)極具吸引力的機(jī)會(huì)去采取行動(dòng)時(shí)，恐懼誤導(dǎo)你去無所作為，誘使你被動(dòng)地看著它的預(yù)言一個(gè)個(gè)實(shí)現(xiàn)成真。
When I was diagnosed with my blindingdisease, I knew blindness would ruin my life. Blindness was a death sentencefor my independence. It was the end of achievement for me. Blindness meant Iwould live an unremarkable life, small and sad, and likely alone. I knew it.This was a fiction born of my fears, but I believed it. It was a lie, but itwas my reality, just like those backwards-swimming fish in little Dorothysmind. If I had not confronted the reality of my fear, I would have lived it. Iam certain of that.
當(dāng)我被診出患有致盲眼疾時(shí)，我料到失明將會(huì)毀了我的生活。失明對(duì)我的獨(dú)立能力判了死刑。它是我一生成就的終點(diǎn)。失明意味著我將度過平凡的一生，渺小且凄慘，極有可能孤獨(dú)終老。我就知道會(huì)這樣。這是我因?yàn)榭謶謳淼暮巵y造，但我相信了。它是一個(gè)謊言，但它曾是我的現(xiàn)實(shí)。就像小多蘿西內(nèi)心那些倒游的魚一樣。如若我不曾面對(duì)過我內(nèi)心恐懼創(chuàng)造出來的現(xiàn)實(shí)，我會(huì)就那樣活著。我很確定。
So how do you live your life eyes wideopen? It is a learned discipline. It can be taught. It can be practiced. I willsummarize very briefly.
所以你們?nèi)绾稳ヒ蚤_闊的眼界生活呢?這是一個(gè)需要學(xué)習(xí)的學(xué)科。它能被傳授。它能被練習(xí)。我簡單地總結(jié)一下。
Hold yourself accountable for every moment,every thought, every detail. See beyond your fears. Recognize your assumptions.Harness your internal strength. Silence your internal critic. Correct yourmisconceptions about luck and about success. Accept your strengths and yourweaknesses, and understand the difference. Open your hearts to your bountifulblessings.
讓自己學(xué)會(huì)負(fù)責(zé)，對(duì)每一時(shí)刻，每個(gè)想法，每個(gè)細(xì)節(jié)。超越你內(nèi)心的恐懼。識(shí)別出你所作的假設(shè)。展現(xiàn)你內(nèi)在的能力。消除你內(nèi)心的批判。修正你對(duì)于運(yùn)氣和成功的錯(cuò)誤概念。接受自己的長處和短處，并清楚認(rèn)識(shí)它們之間的區(qū)別。打開你的心扉去迎接對(duì)你滿滿的祝福。
Your fears, your critics, your heroes, yourvillains -- they are your excuses, rationalizations, shortcuts, justifications,your surrender. They are fictions you perceive as reality. Choose to seethrough them. Choose to let them go. You are the creator of your reality. Withthat empowerment comes complete responsibility.
你的恐懼，你的批判，你的英雄，你的敵人——他們都是你的借口、合理化作用、捷徑、辯護(hù)、屈服。它們是你錯(cuò)認(rèn)為現(xiàn)實(shí)的小說。嘗試選擇看穿它們。嘗試讓它們遠(yuǎn)離自己。你是自我現(xiàn)實(shí)的創(chuàng)造者。伴隨這種權(quán)利而來的是你需要負(fù)起全部的責(zé)任。
I chose to step out of fears tunnel intoterrain uncharted and undefined. I chose to build there a blessed life. Farfrom alone, I share my beautiful life with Dorothy, my beautiful wife, with ourtriplets, whom we call the Tripskys, and with the latest addition to thefamily, sweet baby Clementine.
我選擇走出恐懼的隧道，步入了未知的領(lǐng)域。我選擇在那里構(gòu)建幸福的人生。遠(yuǎn)離孤單，我分享我的美好生活，與多蘿西，我美麗的妻子，與我們的三胞胎，我們稱之為“Tripskys”，還有新添的家庭成員，可愛的寶貝克萊蒙蒂。
What do you fear? What lies do you tellyourself? How do you embellish your truth and write your own fictions? Whatreality are you creating for yourself?
你在害怕什么?你在欺騙自己什么?你是如何修飾自己的真相，編寫自己的小說?你在為自己創(chuàng)造著怎么樣的現(xiàn)實(shí)?
In your career and personal life, in yourrelationships, and in your heart and soul, your backwards-swimming fish do yougreat harm. They exact a toll in missed opportunities and unrealized potential,and they engender insecurity and distrust where you seek fulfillment andconnection. I urge you to search them out.
在你的職業(yè)生涯和個(gè)人生活中，在你的人際關(guān)系中，在你的內(nèi)心和靈魂中，倒游的魚給你帶來巨大的傷害。它們使你為錯(cuò)失的機(jī)會(huì)以及尚未實(shí)現(xiàn)的潛能付出代價(jià)。它們在你尋求滿足與聯(lián)系時(shí)引起你的不安以及不信任。我呼吁大家把它們找出來。
Helen Keller said that the only thing worsethan being blind is having sight but no vision. For me, going blind was aprofound blessing, because blindness gave me vision. I hope you can see what Isee.
海倫·凱勒曾說過，唯一比失明更糟糕的是擁有視力，卻沒有遠(yuǎn)見。失明對(duì)我來說是一種深深的祝福，因?yàn)槭鹘o予了我遠(yuǎn)見。我衷心希望你們也能看見我所看見的。
Thank you.(Applause)
謝謝。(掌聲)
其他TED英語演講稿 3
How many of you are tired of seeingcelebrities adopting kidsfromthe African continent?
你們之中有多少人已經(jīng)對(duì)那些從非洲領(lǐng)養(yǎng)小孩的明星而感到厭倦了?
Well, its not all that bad. I was adopted.I grew up in rural Uganda, lost both my parents when I was very, very young.And when my parents passed, I experienced all the negative effects of poverty,fromhomelessness, eating out of trash piles,you nameit.
嗯，那也不全是壞事。我就是被其中領(lǐng)養(yǎng)的一員。我在烏干達(dá)的郊區(qū)長大，在我很小的時(shí)候，我的父母就去世了。在我父母離世之后，我經(jīng)歷了所有貧困帶來的困難，從無家可歸，到撿食路邊的垃圾，所有你能想得到的。
But my life changed when I got acceptedinto an orphanage. Through one of those sponsor-an-orphan programs, I wassponsored and given an opportunity to acquirean education. I started off inUganda. I went through school, and the way this particular program worked, youfinished high school and after high school, you go learn a trade -- tobecome acarpenter, a mechanic or something along those lines.
但自從我被一家孤兒院收養(yǎng) 我的生活就發(fā)生了巨變。通過孤兒院的一個(gè)補(bǔ)助項(xiàng)目，我獲得了接受教育的機(jī)會(huì)，以及相應(yīng)的資助。一開始是在烏干達(dá)。我去了學(xué)校念書，而根據(jù)這個(gè)項(xiàng)目的運(yùn)作流程，他們會(huì)在你讀完高中以后，送你去學(xué)一門手藝，比如木匠，或者機(jī)修工或者其他的一些專業(yè)技術(shù)。
My case was a little different. The sponsorfamily that was sending these 25 dollars a month to this orphanage to sponsorme, which -- I had never met them -- said, "Well ... we would like to sendyou to college instead." Oh -- it gets better.
而我的情況卻有所不同。每個(gè)月我會(huì)在孤兒院收到25美元補(bǔ)助。這錢來自資助我的家庭，我從未見過他們他們說，“我們希望資助你去上大學(xué)” 哦，那再好不過了。
And they said, "If you get thepaperwork, well sendyou to school in America instead." So with theirhelp, I went to the embassy and applied for the visa. I got the visa.
他們還說：“如果你能通過申請 我們會(huì)把你送到美國的大學(xué)讀書。“ 所以，在他們的幫助下，我去大使館申請了簽證。并且通過了簽證。
I remember this day like it was yesterday.I walked out of the embassy with this piece of paper in my hand, a hop in mystep, smile on my face, knowing that my life is about to change. I went homethat night, and I slept with my passport, because I was afraid that someonemight steal it.
那一天對(duì)我來說就像昨天一樣。我拿著手里的文件走出大使館，一路蹦跳，難掩笑意，我明白我的生活將不復(fù)從前。那天晚上我回到家里，抱著我的護(hù)照睡著了，因?yàn)槲覔?dān)心有人會(huì)把它偷走。
I couldnt fall asleep. I kept feeling it.I had a good idea for security. I was like, "OK, Im going to put it in aplastic bag, and take it outside and dig a hole, and put it in there." Idid that, went back in the house. I could not fall asleep. I was like,"Maybe someone saw me." I went back --
而我輾轉(zhuǎn)反側(cè)。那念頭依然揮之不去。我突然想到了一個(gè)萬全的主意。我說：”好吧，我可以把它放進(jìn)一個(gè)塑料袋里然后在外面地上挖一個(gè)洞，把袋子放進(jìn)去。” 我真的做了，然后又回到屋子里。但我依然無眠，我想，“也許有人看到我了。” 我又回去了
I pulled it out, and I put it with me theentire night -- all to say that it was an anxiety-filled night.
我把袋子拿出來，然后抓著它度過了一宿 我只想說那真是焦慮的一晚。
Going to the US was, just like anotherspeaker said, was my first time to see a plane, be on one, let alone sit on itto fly to another country. December 15, 20xx. 7:08pm. I sat in seat 7A. FlyEmirates. One of the most gorgeous, beautiful women Ive ever seen walked up,red little hat with a white veil. Im looking terrified, I have no idea whatIm doing. She hands me this warm towel -- warm, steamy, snow white. Imlooking at this warm towel; I dont know what to do with my life, let alonewith this damn towel --
來到美國的感受，和其他初來乍到的人一樣 那是我第一次坐飛機(jī)，坐在座位上，飛向另一個(gè)國家。20xx年12月15日 晚上7點(diǎn)08分 我坐在7A座位上。乘坐阿聯(lián)酋航班。一個(gè)我有生以來見過的最美的女人朝我走來，她戴著紅色的帽子和白色的口罩。我真的嚇壞了，我簡直手足無措。她遞給我一張溫?zé)岬募埥?溫暖，濕潤，白凈如雪。我盯著這張溫暖的紙巾; 我都不知道我該拿我的生活怎么辦，更別說這張紙巾了
I did one of the -- you know, anythinganyone could do in that situation: look around, see what everyone else isdoing. I did the same. Mind you, I drove about seven hoursfrommy village tothe airport that day. So I grab this warm towel, wipe my face just likeeveryone else is doing, I look at it -- damn.
我做了一件——你懂的，任何人都會(huì)做的事：我環(huán)顧四周，看其他人的舉動(dòng)。然后我也跟著他們做。順便一提，從村子到機(jī)場，那一天我開了7個(gè)小時(shí)的車。所以我拿起那張溫暖的紙，效仿著別人擦拭了自己的臉，我看了看紙巾——該死。
It was all dirt brown.I remember being so embarrassed that whenshe came by to pick it up, I didnt give mine.I still have it.
已經(jīng)變成屎黃色了。我記得我是那么的尷尬，以至于當(dāng)她來回收紙巾的時(shí)候，我沒好意思給她。我現(xiàn)在都還帶著它。
Going to America opened doors for me tolive up to my full God-given potential. I remember when I arrived, the sponsorfamily embraced me, and they literally had to teach me everythingfromscratch:this is a microwave, thats a refrigerator -- things Id never seen before. Andit was also the first time I got immersed into a new and different culture.These strangers showed me true love. These strangers showed me that I mattered,that my dreams mattered.Thank you.
美國向我敞開了大門讓我能夠發(fā)揮自己最大的潛力。我記得我剛到的時(shí)候，我的資助家庭迎接了我，然后他們就把一切從頭開始教給我：這是一個(gè)微波爐，那是一個(gè)冰箱——那些都是我以前聞所未聞的東西。那也是我第一次 被放置在全新的文化環(huán)境當(dāng)中。這些陌生人向我展示了真正的關(guān)愛。這些陌生人讓我明白，我很重要 我的夢想很重要。謝謝。
These individuals had two of their ownbiological children. And when I came in, I had needs. They had to teach meEnglish, teach me literally everything, which resulted in them spending a lotof time with me. And that created a little bit of jealousy with their children.So, if youre a parent in this room, and you have those teenager children whodont want anything to do with your love and affection -- in fact, they find itrepulsive -- I got a solution: adopt a child.
他們有兩個(gè)親生孩子。當(dāng)我走進(jìn)他們家庭的時(shí)候，我急需幫助。他們要教我英文，教我?guī)缀跛械氖虑椋@導(dǎo)致他們要在我的身上 花費(fèi)很多的精力。而這致使他們的親生孩子對(duì)我產(chǎn)生了一絲妒忌。所以，如果你們有人是家長，而你又有這樣一群青少年小孩 他們對(duì)你們的愛和關(guān)心置若罔聞 事實(shí)上，還對(duì)你們很冷淡 我有一個(gè)辦法： 領(lǐng)養(yǎng)一個(gè)孩子。
It will solve the problem.
問題就會(huì)迎刃而解。
I went on to acquire two engineeringdegreesfromone of the best institutions in the world. Ive got to tell you:talent is universal, but opportunities are not. And I credit this to theindividuals who embrace multiculturalism, love, empathyand compassion forothers. We live in a world filled with hate: building walls, Brexit, xenophobiahere on the African continent. Multiculturalism can be an answer to many ofthese worst human qualities.
在一所世界一流學(xué)府中 我習(xí)得了兩個(gè)工程師學(xué)位。我必須要說： 天賦人人都有，但機(jī)會(huì)一緣難求。我想要贊美 那些擁抱多元文化的人，那些關(guān)愛，理解并且同情他人的人。我們生活在一個(gè)充滿憎恨的世界上：高筑圍墻，英國脫歐，非洲大陸的仇外心理。而這些人類最負(fù)面的東西 都可以被多元文化海涵。
Today, I challenge you to help a youngchild experience multiculturalism. I guarantee you that will enrich their life,and in turn, it will enrich yours. And as a bonus, one of them may even give aTED Talk.
今天，我挑戰(zhàn)你們在座的觀眾們 去幫助一個(gè)年輕的孩子 感受多元文化的魅力。我保證那會(huì)充實(shí)他的生活，作為回報(bào)，你們的生活也會(huì)得到升華。而作為獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)，他們其中之一也許還會(huì)在TED演講。
We may not be able to solve the bigotry andthe racism of this world today, but certainly we can raise children to create apositive, inclusive, connected world full of empathy, loveand compassion.
我們也許無力解決 當(dāng)今社會(huì)的種族歧視與偏見，但我們完全可以引導(dǎo)我們的孩子 去創(chuàng)建一個(gè)積極的，包容的，緊密相連的世界。那里將充滿理解，關(guān)愛，同情。
Love wins.Thank you.
真愛無敵。謝謝
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