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現在完成時態考點歸納
現在完成時態表示從過去某一時間開始一直延續到現在并還可能繼續延續下去的動作,用于延續性動詞,且句中常帶有表示一段時間的時間狀語,下面是小編收集整理的現在完成時態考點歸納,希望能夠幫助到大家。
一、考查現在完成時的用法之一“過影現”
“過影現”表示過去發生或已經完成的某一動作對現在造成的影響或結果。此時,常與時間副詞already(已經),yet(還;已經),just(剛剛;僅僅),ever(曾經),never(從不),before(以前)等連用。注意:already常用于肯定句中,yet用在疑問句中意為“已經”,用在否定句中意為“還”。如:
She has lost her bike.她把自行車丟了。(“丟”這個動作是過去發生的,對現在造成的結果是“她現在沒有自行車騎了”。)
I’ve already read this book.我已經讀過這本書了。(“讀”這一動作發生在過去,對現在造成的影響是“我已知道書中的內容”。)
【中考題例】
1. Julia isn’t going to the cinema with us because she____the film.(2013年湖州卷)
A. sees
B.saw
C. will see
D. has seen
2.- Have you finished your homework?
____.Just half of it.How about you?(2013年蘇州卷)
A. Not at all
B. Not likely
C.Not a bit
D. Not yet
3.- Your shoes are so old Why don’t you buy a new pair?
- Because I____all my money on an MP5.(2013年廣東卷)
A.spend
B.have spent
C. am spending
D.was spending
二、考查現在完成時的用法之二“過延現”
“過延現”表示過去已經開始,延續到現在的動作或狀態,甚至還可能繼續延續下去。常與for或slnce引出的時間狀語連用,動詞必須是延續性動詞。如:live,study,work,be,wait,know,stay,teach,keep,walk,sleep等。注意:for為介詞,后面要接“一段時間”;smce用作介詞時,后面接“過去的時間點”;since用作連詞時,后面接“從句”(從句謂語動詞用一般過去時)。另外,SO far(至今),up to now(到目前為止)也常與現在完成時連用。如:
Mr. Wang has worked in the factory since he came to the city.自從王先生到這個城市以來,他就在這家工廠工作。
So far, she has learnt about two thousand English words.到目前為止,她已經學了大約2000個英語單詞。
The baby has slept for three hours.孩子已睡三個小時了。
溫馨提醒:非延續性動詞表示某一瞬間就結束的動作,常見的有:come, go, arrive, reach, see, hear, close, open, leave,begin, start, lose, buy, fall, join, die, get up, become, borrow,lend.find,finish,receive等。這些動詞可用于現在完成時,說明某個動作的結果還存在,但不能和表示一段時間的狀語如how long,for,since連用。可將它們轉換為表示延續狀態的詞,如:buy-have , borrow/ lend-keep, join-be in/be a member of,die-be dead,leave-be away(from),begin-be on等。試體會下列例句:
A他人團兩年了。
誤:He has joined the League for two years.
正:He has been a League member for two years.
A我買這輛自行車三年了。
誤:I have bought this bike for three years.
正:I have had this bike for three years.
A他離開家五天了。
誤:He-left home for five days.
正:He has been away from home for five days.
【中考題例】
4. My uncle has been taught in this school____he wastwenty years old. (2013年鞍山卷)
A. since
B.for
C.until
D.after
5.-Look at these stamps.I____them for five years.
-Wow, they are wonderful.(2013年衡陽卷)
A. kept
B.have kept
C.have bought
6.He____Luzhou for three months. (2013年瀘州卷)
A. has left
B.has come to
C. has gone to
D.has been away from
7.-How long has Robert____?
-Since 2004. (2013年濟南卷)
A. been to Beijing
B.become a policeman
C. joined the art club
D.studied in this school
三、考查have/has gone to,have/has been to與have/hasbeen in的區別
have/has been to表示“曾經去過某地”,現在人已經不在那兒了;have/has gone to表示“已去了某地”,說話時,該人已不在現場,可能在去某地的途中,也可能已經到達目的地,一般不用第一、二人稱作主語。注意:后接地點副詞時,介詞to要省略;have beenin表示“某人在某地”,去了某個地方或來到了某個地方多久。
【中考題例】
8.-1s Tom at home?
-No, he___to town. (2013年天津卷)
A. has been
B.has gone
C.goes
D.will go
9. A number of tourists
.Yangzhou many timesbecause it is,such a beautiful city.(2013年揚州卷)
A. have been to
B.has been to
C. has gone to
D.have gone to
10.-Jack,I haven’t seen your uncle for a lortg time.
-He________Shanghai on business for two months.(2013年隨州卷)
A. went tO
B.has gone to
C. has been in
D.has been to
四、考查現在完成時與一般過去時的區別
現在完成時與一般過去時都可以表示過去發生的動作,但二者的側重點不同。一般過去時表示過去某個時間發生的動作或存在的狀態,也可表示過去習慣性的動作,不涉及與現在的關系。常與表示過去的具體時間狀語連用,如:yesterday,last year,in1998,three years ago等。而現在完成時強調過去發生的某一動作對現在造成的影響或結果,以及過去已開始并延續到現在的動作,與現在有著密切的關系,不能與表示過去的時間狀語連用。
【中考題例】
11. - Anna, have you____seen China’s Got Talent(達人秀)?
-Of course.I
it last weekend.(2013年成寧卷)
A. never;saw
B.ever;have seen
C. never;have seen[)。ever;saw
12.- Have you had your breakfast yet?
-Yes. Mom_
it for me.(2013年江西卷)
A. was cooking
B.is cooking
C.will cook
D.cooked
Key: 1~5 DDBAB
6—10 DDBAC
11~12 DD
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